How Much Water Do You Really Need?
You’ve heard the “8 glasses a day” advice, but your needs are personal. Factors such as activity level, weight, climate, caffeine intake, and stress can all increase your fluid requirements.
According to the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. National Academies, daily recommendations for total water intake (including food and beverages) are approximately:
- Women: 2–2.7 liters (about 8–11 cups)
- Men: 2.5–3.7 liters (about 10–15 cups)
But the real sign you’re hydrated? Clear to pale yellow urine, moist lips, and a lack of headaches or fatigue by mid-afternoon. During times of increased need—hot weather, intense exercise, or with a cold or fever—you may need even more.